No games, please: you're on trial!

Fresh from a short trip to Turkey and completing some unfinished business for grad school, I was -- as millions of others were too -- greeted with this ridiculous news of Radovan Karadzic's refusal to enter a plea in his trial. This exchange is worth quoting in full:

"As to count one of the indictment," the judge had begun. "You're charged with genocide... How do you plead, guilty or not guilty?"

"I will not plead, in line with my standpoint as regards this court," Mr Karadzic replied.

"I shall therefore enter a plea on your behalf of not guilty," the judge said.

"Is that the position you're going to take in relation to each of the other 10 charges on the indictment?"

"Absolutely, yes," Mr Karadzic confirmed.

As Judge Bonomy entered the not guilty pleas, the former Bosnian Serb leader asked: "May I hold you to your word?"

"Which word?" asked the judge.

"That I'm not guilty," replied Mr Karadzic.

"We shall see in due course, Mr Karadzic," the judge said."

Talk about nerve, this truly is ridiculous. Next thing that will happen is a further song-and-dance about nonexistent conspiracies, illegitimacy, propaganda and victimization by sheer circumstance. I wonder how Karadzic, and others like him, were able to hoodwink so many people for such a long period of time with baseless claims like this.

'The criminal is caught and we leave the money on his account"

Or so declared Bosnian President Haris Silajdzic, in a recent interview. Amid everything that has happened in the region of ex-Yugoslavia -- Kosovo issuing new passports to its citizens, Karadzic making his first appearance before the Hague Tribunal without entering a plea so as to stonewall, and complaints from some Croatian groups about the evident pro-Ustasha sympathies of a Croatian rock star -- Bosnia remains a sideshow.

In November 1995, the Dayton agreement officially ended the war in Bosnia-Herzegovina, and brought the official leaders of all its warring factions to the bargaining table. A new constitution was drafted, and the de facto partition that had ensued during the war became an entrenched reality. As Bosnia currently stands, it is divided into two rough halves: something called 'Republika Srpska,' and the Muslim-Croat 'Federation of Bosnia-Herzegovina.' It corresponds, give or take, to the respective ethnic make-up of each entity.

Bosnia's President, mixing hope with reality, declared in this interview what many analysts and watchers of the region had noticed all along, but which have been given a new kick-start with Kosovo's declaration of independence back in February. While Bosnia is at peace, barring the divisions among Bosniaks and Croats, as well as of both in relation to Bosnia's Serbs, vicious undertones are at work.

"Bosnia is in peace exactly because that project succeeded. Hundreds of thousands of -- at least half a million -- people are outside their own country because they have been ethnically cleansed, they're not there, because they were forced to get out under the threat of death. Our constitutional arrangement is such that actually it rewards the aggression and genocide and ethnic cleansing and so on."

Partition, whether it be supervised or unilateral, appears to be on the table now, though no one is saying it outright. Taking Kosovo's example, which was a culmination of several ground-level realities that made it a state in everything but name, this becomes all the more apparent.

Peter Galbraith, just as a comparison, has argued a similar trend has happened in post-invasion Iraq, whereby the country is now essentially divided up into three factions/mini-states, a reality that the next American President will have to take into account so as to enact a gradual withdrawal from the country.

Way back, in the aftermath of Dayton, Bosnia's future looked troubled and uncertain; nothing has changed for the better since then, and I would bet that Balkan borders, even after Kosovo, may well still be anything but permanent. That the "great powers" of this new century are doing little, if anything, about this -- though, to be fair, just what can they do? -- makes it all the more frustrating and tragic.

It will, on a humorous note, keep Balkan watchers in business for the foreseeable future.

Economic meltdown in Zimbabwe

Apparently, the Zimbabwean government has now released new currency: instead of bank notes issued in increments of $10,000,000, they have decided to cut off all the zeroes. So, in this warped form of mathematics, that figure has now become $1. Hyperinflation, eat your heart out.

Robert Mugabe, who won unopposed in the last Presidential 'election,' has now begun reaching out to the opposition, as per the mediation of South Africa's President, although the talks are reportedly in a deadlock. Not surprising, once again.

The BBC's correspondent in the country, albeit by secret camera, has released this report, which I recommend readers watch. Food shopping will take on a whole new meaning after this.

Everything, however, in international affairs, has its origins. I would be interested in tracing the origins of this Mugabe phenomenon in greater depth. Perhaps a project for the future? We shall see.

Will the real Serbian revolution please start now!

A general rule of thumb surrounding events in Serbia, or involving Serbian populations in neighbouring countries of the region, is that the unsavoury reality of radicalism in the country oozes out, completely contrary to what is happening at a given moment.

I alluded to this factor in previous posts on Kosovo's independence, as well as Radovan Karadzic's capture and, now, likely extradition, as his appeal deadline has passed with nothing happening. The Serbian Radical Party, whose nominal head is also in The Hague facing war crimes charges, is coming out with threats against President Boris Tadic and others that are behind the drive to send Karadzic to face trial.

One Party official is quoted: "We warn Tadic that treason has never gone unpunished in Serbia. This is not a threat, but warning of the fate that followed traitors throughout Serbian history... I would remind the current rulers that they might not be as lucky as Zoran Djindjic. God punishes generations to come, and they should keep this in mind." I especially like the mention of history: get one of the Radicals talking, and you will be hearing about the battle of 1389 before long, and how Serbia, despite saving Europe and Christianity from Ottoman barbarism, was always on the side to be politically short-changed since time immemorial.

Veiled threats, if there ever were any; this is mild stuff coming from the ranks of these anti-establishment and hate-mongering political lunatics. Remember still that their leader, Vojislav Seselj, once publicly advocated a policy of infecting all Kosovo Albanians with HIV, so as to "solve" the Kosovo issue once and for all.

Indeed, the real revolutions will not begin in this part of the world until the recent past, as well as Belgrade's culpability, is fully explained and disclosed without qualifications based on ethnic nationalism and hostilities. More than anything, and here I echo one of my great teachers on the subject, the revolution will only be complete when one-third of the Serbian electorate, which they just did in the last election early this summer, stop voting for the Radical Party.

An addendum on Karadzic

Marcus Tanner, who covered the Yugoslav wars for the London Independent, and who wrote, among other things, an amazing history of Croatia, gave his two-bits on the media hyperbole surrounding Radovan Karadzic's capture.

"You’d almost have thought they come across Hitler, as the presenters struggled to outdo one another in their choice of superlatives. Everything was the 'worst,' the 'biggest' and the 'gravest,'" he reflects.

Meanwhile, other reports point out that, on Friday, Karadzic will appeal his extradition to The Hague; why some people bother with such formalities is anyone's best guess. While anything is possible in the Balkans, I highly doubt that Serbia will relinquish the process they have set into motion. Let's just hope they repeat it as necessary with those fugitives that remain.

And, as Tanner points out, "I just hope they don’t overdo it now, and so fall back into second gear if and when Ratko Mladic is handed over. Because if I were a Bosnian, that’s the event that would have me in the streets, for I still have a hunch that he, and not Karadzic was the really enthusiastic killer, the real psychopath."

One down, with two more to go

Every major media outlet is now discussing the news that Radovan Karadzic, the former Bosnian Serb wartime leader of the country's breakaway Serbian "republic" was apprehended on Monday night in Belgrade, after spending more than a decade living a life on the run.

There is plenty of sensationalism at work in much of the coverage; headlines identifying him as "the world's most wanted man" is rather pushing it, since no one spoke about him, or the Balkan region, for that matter, following the long and painful shadow that was 11 September 2001. Suddenly, Southeastern Europe stopped being so important, except for brief interludes in the form of elections, the formation of new states and the dissolution of old ones. Truth be told, however, is that this region is as significant for the EU as Iraq and the Middle East is for Washington. Regional and continental integration is incomplete without the Balkans.

Rumour even had it, or so I am told, that Richard Holbrooke, the former US diplomat that was involved in both the Dayton peace accords (which ended the war in Bosnia, thus shaping the nature of the country today) and the run-up to the Kosovo war in 1998-1999, had cut Karadzic some kind of a deal that stopped short at prosecution.

It comes at both a sad and optimistic time, as the thirteenth anniversary of the massacre at Srebrenica, in which Karadzic was allegedly complicit, is coming up. The Hague tribunal for the former Yugoslavia is nearing the end of its mandate, and its work is now all the closer to completion. There remain two more war criminals on the run, of whom General Ratko Mladic remains the 'big fish.' Is he next? I sure hope so.

Finally, the new Europeanist government in Belgrade is obviously trying to etch up its EU credentials, though it remains both bizarre and revealing that Karadzic was able to get into the country in the first place. Minus his longer hair and bushy beard, how did this happen, and why? The real revolution in Serbia shall not begin until this, and other questions, are satisfactorily answered.

"Lost in a world of lights"

Or so says Richard Z. Kruspe, known to most music followers as the lead guitarist of the German heavy metal band Rammstein. Some time in 2001, right around the time that his day job band released their third studio album, Kruspe emigrated to New York; years later or, to be more specific, last summer, he released a solo album entitled Emigrate, the same name as his solo project. It only came out in North America a few months ago, so the world can only now fully appreciate this intriguing and delightful debut.

Most of the eleven (or, if you are lucky enough, like myself, to own the limited edition, thirteen) tracks relate, in some way or another, to self-discovery, the theme of emigrating, and personal experience. It is a largely upbeat and positive album, grounded in the realities of failure sometimes being paired with success, but hardly a return to the dark, eerie and in-your-face themes that Rammstein has churned out since 1994.

The aforementioned lyric to the song "New York City" continues, permeating not only the song, but the whole album: "I'm lost in a world of lights / mesmerize my nights / the sky scrapes on building sites / I'm feeling so alive." Or, slightly later, "I'm gonna win / I'm gonna lose / I'm gonna chase it till the end / and if you're walking in my shoes / you're gonna make it or pretend."

The music is a mix: some songs are hard-rock, harking back to Kruspe's Rammstein roots, but others are more melodic, slightly slower and quite catchy. Lyrically, Kruspe's words are simple, but the simplicity of his messages have the effect of striking just where and when they are most potent. This is the type of album one could listen en route to travelling in a foreign land, and then replaying it once there, on a moonlight night amid surf-breaking waters, mountains and the chatter of friends and company.

It is an album that epitomizes independence, breaking roots while simultaneously establishing new ones. Unlike Rammstein, Emigrate is also of a different language, for the lyrics are entirely performed in English, where Kruspe (sometimes not so successfully, one can amusingly notice) tries to use an American accent, but his German background betrays him! This is an exceptional album, well worth the length that it took to be recorded and released. One can only hope that Kruspe, while not ignoring his commitments to Rammstein, will churn out more such albums in the future.